A plea to all design educators out there (and to students as well): please stop using crappy surveys as a substitute for actual research.
Survey design is a craft. If you haven’t studied it, you don’t know how to write a survey well, and the data you get is garbage. Surveys are quantitative tools. They require math to plan (what does your sample size need to be to ensure that your results are valid?) and to analyze (regression analysis (or any other buzzword) anyone?). They are very tough to write. Questions have to be worded correctly and sequenced correctly.
Yet design instructors constantly send their students onto the Internet to “do research.” Students spend about 30 seconds writing open-ended questions about their issues, and then blast the “survey” off to email lists populated by other designers. And so in the spirit of helping a good cause, people might respond. But the questions are vague, hard to answer, and not at all controlled.
Garbage in, garbage out.
Today I received a forward from a colleague who has his pulse on global design issues, passing on a survey request from a graduate supervisor at a prestigious east coast US design school. Doubly-endorsed, then, with an intro by the students
We are one of the thesis research teams from the “Design Management” masters program at REDACTED. We are comprised of four dynamic individuals who bring unique set of skills and expertise that substantiates our team. We are highly motivated and eager to seek out credible information.
The research is focused on “Bottled Water” and its affects [sic] on our planet. In the times when the world is focusing on oil as a momentous energy resource that is on the verge of gaining the status of a deficient commodity, this thesis team is exploring indications that cognize [sic] drinking water as a much more serious and fateful resource. With a pragmatic attitude the team’s primary focus is on the bottled water industry and its impact on life, environment and economies. By 2015 over 60% of the world population will be living in urban areas and the use of bottled water is increasing by 12% per annum.
This survey is conceived and designed by the team to get firsthand information in order to understand the trends, perceptions and know-how of people worldwide. It is critically helpful for the team in securing a better perspective of the thought process, gaps, and awareness levels. The survey will be used as part of the thesis research and one of the pillars to base strategic and sustainable recommendation by using Design Management tools.
The team looks forward to your support and cooperation in reaching its goals. This survey will also create way for the future researchers who would be able to use these finding to elaborate and continue the process of strategic enlightenment and making the planet a better place for the generation to come.
Well. Is that preeningly snooty enough for you (ignoring the typos, of course)? Certainly some high expectations have been established here. So, let’s look at two pages from the online survey that we simply must contribute to.


Oh yuck. This is terrible. After (not shown) a lot of demographic and behavioral data (how old are you, how much money do you make, how much do you spend on bottled water every day, etc.) we get to the opinion and perception questions. Except these are ridiculous leading questions that reveal the opinions of the survey writers, and place the respondent in an awkward situation.
Do you believe that water can be more expensive than oil? gives away the game. Selfishly earnest, but also ineffective.
Maybe, try, something like this (very rough)
For each of the following, compare your expectation of its price to water
Much more costly–more costly–same–cheaper–much cheaper
gasoline
coca-cola
shampoo
orange juice
The question mustn’t reveal the intention. And it must not (as the last 3 questions do) put the person on the defensive, implying that they should be doing something in a certain way. It’s not ethical, but it’s just not effective.
Again, I see design students doing this all the time. It’s really bad research, and it’s sadly being endorsed or encouraged by faculty and others who don’t know or don’t care. “Oh, it’s still useful information” I can hear them saying. But it’s not. The data you get from this is useless, or worse than useless since it’s actually misleading.
This example is more egregious because of the smarmy greener-than-thou effluent it exudes.
Ideally, the kind of perception issues these students are after would be collected in some conversations, where follow-ups and probes and listening all come together to generate some new insight. This is not a good use of a survey, especially in such a ham-fisted manner.
Tags: bad design, design education, survey, survey design, water
31 Comments so far
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Hi Steve, thanks for summarizing, criticizing and posting this! I’ve got the ‘invitation’ yesterday as well and wondered if the survey will ever end
Furthermore (but this might not have been under control of the students) the question haven’t been adapted to an international audience as well. The situation on Water, Brands, etc. seems to be a pretty different one here in Germany as we have (similarly to Beer) very regionalized markets for water and our legal rules on water from the tap are even stronger than water being sold via stores ….
It has just been recently when I was able to stop students from making appointments for interviews with design & business professionals. The overall task we’ve discussed was to get a better understanding what SME understand as Design Management in their context.
You bet: The first question on the questionaire was: “What is your understanding of Design Management in your context?” … I took me two more sessions until I gave my OK for making any appointment
Enjoy your weekend
and keep us posted!
Thanks, Ralf, for putting some quality control on your students! Nicely done.
Comment by Steve Portigal 02.09.07 @ 10:16 am
I had blogged a couple of months ago on bad survey design, following a particularly unpleasant personal incident I went through. Here is Steve Portigal who says (well, screams, going by the tone of his post
) Bad Survey Design. Please Stop! Steve on why badly designed survey is dangerous, says it sharp and succint - Garbage in, garbage out. It is true that just about anything can be proved using research, and bad questionnaire design is about the easiest way to begin that process
I agree with your critique on design research in education. I got my masters in industrial design and now work as a design researcher for a fitness equipment manufacturer. I learned everything I know, with regards to research, from my experience outside of school. Instead of receiving a report at the end of a project I am actually writing the protocols, heading up teams in the field, documenting, analyzing, and presenting the findings/concepts to the key decision makers. I see with my own eyes how someone interacts with a product or how they make decisions regarding their shopping process. There are simple techniques an instructor could demonstrate to help students understand the difference between quantitative and qualitative and how to do each correctly. Design research done by industrial designers instead of or in conjunction with marketing departments is really an asset. It should be introduced to the students as a career option for them when they graduate. Some design students have a nack for the front end research and should be given the tools during school to help refine their skills in order to make themselves more marketable.
Comment by Corin 02.09.07 @ 3:51 pmGod thank god you wrote this. Now I can point to it and don’t have to flame people myself. Thank you Steve
Comment by Zachary Jean Paradis 02.09.07 @ 4:21 pmZac - you’re welcome!
Corin - Thanks for your comments. I co-teach a course in design research to ID undergrads at CCA. It’s an entire course devoted to trying, learning, and hopefully understanding why some things do and don’t work in terms of giving you insight about how someone ELSE might approach a problem, product, need, etc.
Comment by Steve Portigal 02.09.07 @ 4:54 pmHi, I am a student in FIT for packaging design. We’re working on a project that’s designed to be marketed towards teens. I did an extremely simple survey, and I couldn’t agree with your article more. I really don’t know how to make one and no one ever told us how to make one!! Guess this is why big and small firms spend big bucks hire people who actually studied and knows this stuff… >
Comment by Eling Lee 02.10.07 @ 11:33 pm100%. This is why product research should be done by Psych grads and not CAD monkeys. Great design doesn’t show; it observes.
Regardless, this example of a survey on water bottle usage is probably a waste. Without a million-subject sample size you’d have to target it to a demo/psychographic profile, which limits your survey to people you *think* use your product and misses any surprise audiences. Faster and more rewarding: Get out to the stores and follow the water bottles home. Of course, then kids would have to get off their butts, but by the time you’ve booted SPSS to filter your survey data, we’ve found 5% of your market you didn’t know existed.
Besides, only tools and undergrads take surveys.
Comment by Ari Teman 02.11.07 @ 8:30 pm
Original post: Bad Survey Design. Please Stop! by at [Technorati] Tag results for survey design Blog tag: Survey design Technorati tag: Survey design Pages: Start Tag: survey+design
Amen!
I have worked with the best firms in the survey research industry. Garbage in, garbage out is the best way to describe the difference between a survey designed and conducted by professionals and amateurs. This applies to both quantitative and qualitative interviews. There’s exactly the same issue in focus groups. And the issue is definitely compounded when considering international markets, not only in terms of survey design, but also in terms of data collection method. For instance an online survey may be perfectly appropriate to reach a consumer sample in countries where Internet penetration is high (such as US, UK, Norway) but be completely inappropriate in China where a very small fraction of the population uses the Internet and where conducting face to face interviews is not only more appropriate but also highly cost effective.
Hi,
Im a student and this design survey is a mockery. The student that put this together must have put it together just to tick boxes and get a better grade.
You are all right, it is complete garbage. Im glad to say i wouldnt produce such a time wasting survey. But think its a shame it makes students look so stupid. Im glad to say in my course we are taught about qualatitive and quantitative reasearch and that you cant have leading questions.
I think the first thing we were taught were not to have bias questions that lead people to put down the answer you want.
Comment by Ben 02.13.07 @ 7:58 amBen - this is very reassuring. Thanks for providing (another) positive example to at least balance out the negative one I’ve shared!
Comment by Steve Portigal 02.13.07 @ 9:46 amSo I agree with everything you’ve said. Not writing biased/leading questions is diffcult and necessary.
“Garbage in” can only be prevented by pointing out what is garbage AND an example of “clean.”
Is there some place that can provide a guide to put people on the correct path to research and surveys?
I could do a lot of good to this end in my corporation if I knew what to suggest INSTEAD of the tired and thoughtless websurveys we do now.
Comment by Michele P 02.13.07 @ 10:29 amSure, check out http://www.surveysystem.com/sdesign.htm
Comment by Steve Portigal 02.13.07 @ 10:39 amHow To Design A Survey…
Last week I’ve received an email from a colleague of my design management network; maybe some of my readers got this as well
Anyway, the email pointed to an online survey ‘designed’ and conducted by some students from a US Easter…
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of Manila to see who were the people who actually made his product designs. Eyeopening and thoughtprovoking. The need for more rigor in design methodology and processes is made by Steve Portigal in this incisive look at bad survey design by students. He places the blame squarely on the professors who teach them. Whirlpool’s design chief Chuck Jones talks to FastCompany about the biggest challenge facing the mature design industry - how to account for the return on your investment in design? Here’s
Ethnography Done Right Last Thursday, Steve Portigal introduced a great cautionary note on the dangers of bad (read: quick and uninformed) survey design. Steve’s argument was that design educators do their students a disservice by implying that quantitative online surveying is easy and quick. That it’s important to know that a survey is not something that anyone can do without planning and forethought, an understanding
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Hi there, I’d just like to say that I agree and disagree with a couple points you made.
AGREE - Surveys need to be well written in a clear and concise manner.
AGREE - Good surveys take more than a day to write
AGREE - They shouldn’t be used as a substitute for actual research.
DISAGREE - “Survey design is a craft. If you haven’t studied it, you don’t know how to write a survey well, and the data you get is garbage.” Sure to extent writing a survey is a craft, but I don’t think that you should discourage others from doing so just because they haven’t studied the craft. I feel that to write a good survey you need to:
A: Understand the problem
B: Target the right people
C: Word the questions & format of the survey so that you extract the most useful information in the shortest amount of time.
I feel that if you can do the things listed above, write well and know how to use a spell checker there is no reason why someone can’t put together a really good survey.
DISAGREE - “They require math to plan (what does your sample size need to be to ensure that your results are valid?) and to analyze (regression analysis (or any other buzzword) anyone?)”
What happens if you’re researching a product that is used by relatively few people of whom you know, you don’t have the time to put together a large list of people to survey, but know that essential information can be extracted from those few people? And what if you suck at math?
I surveyed 8 people for my major project last year and the information I got was invaluable to my project. I know this will be the case for many other up and coming ID students this year and in years to follow.
I feel this post is rather negative towards those who aren’t trained in the art of survey writing and may discourage some from using a highly effective means of research.
Have a great day.
Comment by Ben Druce 03.17.07 @ 12:35 amBen - thanks for a thoughtful response. I don’t believe I am discouraging people from creating surveys, but rather encouraging them to learn how to do it well; in a way that will be the most effective.
Many people seem to think that it’s trivial to bust out a survey that will work. That’s very naive, and that’s bad research. Denying that it’s a complex process that requires expertise simply because that fact isn’t encouraging is head-in-the-sand behavior.
It is difficult. It DOES take know-how. Many things in life take study, practice, training, and effort.
I can pick up a pen in my hand and put it on paper. That doesn’t mean I can draw well. Or even draw “good enough.” I can operate a motor vehicle. That doesn’t mean I can be a long-haul trucker, or even operate a semi.
Further, claiming, as you do, that a naively-constructed survey produced good data is a fallacy. Your sample was 8? That’s not a survey. If you showed bar charts and graphs with percentages and breakdowns, you were engaged in fantasy, and something that many academics would question ethically.
There is a great deal of math (and other principles) behind creating and fielding and analyzing surveys. If you choose to ignore it, that’s your deal and best of luck.
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